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Apatite

The mineral your teeth are made of, in electric blue and green.

Family
Apatite
Formula
Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)
Mohs
5
System
Hexagonal

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Science

Apatite is a group of calcium phosphates differing by fluorine, chlorine or hydroxyl. Bone and tooth enamel are hydroxyapatite. Gem apatite is soft and brittle but comes in vivid neon blues and greens from Madagascar, coloured by manganese and rare earths.

Mineral
Apatite
Formula
Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)
Crystal system
Hexagonal
Mohs hardness
5
Specific gravity
3.16 to 3.22
Refractive index
1.630 to 1.640
Lustre
Vitreous
Colours
Blue, Green, Yellow, Teal

Composition

Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH). Made of Calcium, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Hydrogen, with trace Manganese, Iron responsible for colour.

in formula trace, gives colour

Origin

  • Madagascar
    neon blue-green
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
    Durango, yellow
  • Myanmar
  • Russia
    Kola Peninsula
  • Canada

Filled dots are primary sources

Rarity

Common
2 of 5

Common as a rock-forming mineral and the world's phosphate source; clean gem crystals are moderately scarce.

  1. 1 Abundant
  2. 2 Common
  3. 3 Uncommon
  4. 4 Rare
  5. 5 Exceptional

Hardness

Apatite sits at 5 on the Mohs scale. Glass and a knife blade are about as hard; it wears well with care.

Fingernail
Copper coin
Knife, glass
Steel file
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Energy

Associations from crystal-healing tradition, recorded here as folklore. They are not medical claims.

Chakras

  • Throat
  • Third Eye

Element

  • Air

Zodiac

  • Gemini
  • Libra

Planets

  • Mercury

Properties

  • Motivation
  • Communication
  • Appetite control
  • Clarity

Lore

Named in 1786 by Werner from the Greek apatao, to deceive, because it had been mistaken for beryl, tourmaline and peridot. It defines 5 on the Mohs scale.

Its modern reputation follows its biology: a stone of bones, appetite and healthy hunger.

  • Mohs 5
    The reference mineral for hardness 5.
  • Phosphate
    Apatite rock is the source of nearly all fertiliser phosphorus.